Merge branch 'chevignard-main-patch-41985' into 'main'

HC-SR04 sensor

See merge request !2

docs/source/understand/HC-SR04/HC-SR04.rst

+Distance Sensor
+===============
+
+You have received HC-SR04 ultrasonic distance sensors. This module, which measures distances using ultrasonic waves, consists of four pins:
+
+.. image:: HC-SR04.png
+   :width: 500
+   :align: center
+
+- VCC: sensor power supply (5V)
+- Trig: trigger pin
+- Echo: echo reception pin
+- GND: ground
+
+Input and Output Voltages
+-------------------------
+
+- Power supply voltage (VCC): 5V
+- Output voltage (Echo): 5V
+
+Operation
+---------
+
+1. **Triggering**: To initiate a measurement, a 10-microsecond signal must be sent to the Trig pin. This triggers the emission of a burst of 8 ultrasonic pulses at 40 kHz.
+2. **Reception**: The sensor then waits to receive the echo of these pulses. When the echo is detected, the Echo pin goes high.
+3. **Time Measurement**: The duration for which the Echo pin remains high corresponds to the time taken by the ultrasonic wave to travel to the obstacle and back.
+
+Reminder: The speed of sound in air is approximately 343 m/s.
+
+Connection to the Raspberry Pi
+------------------------------
+
+.. warning::
+
+   Since the sensor's output voltage is 5V, a voltage divider is required to lower this voltage to a level acceptable for the Raspberry Pi's GPIO pins (3.3V).
+
+Creating the voltage divider:
+
+.. figure:: Circuit.png
+   :width: 500
+   :align: center
+
+   *vertical resistor: 1K ohm, horizontal resistor: 2K ohm*
+
+- Connect the sensor's VCC pin to a 5V pin on the Raspberry Pi.
+- Connect the sensor's GND pin to a GND pin on the Raspberry Pi.
+- Connect the sensor's Trig pin to a GPIO pin on the Raspberry Pi (e.g., GPIO 10).
+- Connect the sensor's Echo pin to another GPIO pin on the Raspberry Pi (e.g., GPIO 9).
+